vitamina D e depressão

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms of depression in overweight and obese subjects: randomized double blind trial
R. Jorde 1,2 , M. Sneve 2 , Y. Figenschau 3,4 , J. Svartberg 1,2 & K. Waterloo 5,6
From the 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø ; Departments of 2Internal Medicine and 3 Medical Biochemistry, University Hospital of North Norway ; 4 Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø ; 5 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway ; and 6 Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
Correspondence to Rolf Jorde, Medical Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø 9038, Norway.(fax: + 47 776 26863; e-mail: rolf.jorde@unn.no). J Intern Med 2008;
Objectives. The objective of the present study was to examine the cross-sectional relation between serum 25-hydoxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] levels and depression in overweight and obese subjects and to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms.
Design. Cross-sectional study and randomized double blind controlled trial of 20.000 or 40.000 IU vitamin D per week versus placebo for 1 year.
Setting. A total of 441 subjects (body mass index 28–47 kg m−2, 159 men and 282 women, aged 21–70 years) recruited by advertisements or from the out-patient clinic at the University Hospital of North Norway.
Main outcome measures. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score with subscales 1–13 and 14–21.
Results. Subjects with serum 25(OH)D levels <40 nmol L−1 scored significantly higher (more depressive traits) than those with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥40 nmol L−1 on the BDI total [6.0 (0–23) versus 4.5 (0–28) (median and range)] and the BDI subscale 1–13 [2.0 (0–15) versus 1.0 (0–29.5)] (P < 0.05). In the two groups given vitamin D, but not in the placebo group, there was a significant improvement in BDI scores after 1 year. There was a significant decrease in serum parathyroid hormone in the two vitamin D groups without a concomitant increase in serum calcium.
Conclusions. It appears to be a relation between serum levels of 25(OH)D and symptoms of depression. Supplementation with high doses of vitamin D seems to ameliorate these symptoms indicating a possible causal relationship.

Vitamina D e fraturas ósseas

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Risk for Hip Fractures

Jane A. Cauley, DrPH; Andrea Z. LaCroix, PhD; LieLing Wu, MS; Mara Horwitz, MD; Michelle E. Danielson, PhD; Doug C. Bauer, MD; Jennifer S. Lee, MD; Rebecca D. Jackson, MD; John A. Robbins, MD; Chunyuan Wu, MS; Frank Z. Stanczyk, PhD; Meryl S. LeBoff, MD; Jean Wactawski-Wende, PhD; Gloria Sarto, MD; Judith Ockene, PhD; and Steven R. Cummings, MD
Annals of Internal Medicine 19 August 2008 Volume 149 Issue 4 Pages 242-250
Background: The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D] concentration and hip fractures is unclear.
Objective: To see whether low serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations are associated with hip fractures in community-dwelling women.
Design: Nested case–control study.
Setting: 40 clinical centers in the United States.
Participants: 400 case-patients with incident hip fracture and 400 control participants matched on the basis of age, race or ethnicity, and date of blood draw. Both groups were selected from 39 795 postmenopausal women who were not using estrogens or other bone-active therapies and who had not had a previous hip fracture.
Measurements: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was measured and patients were followed for a median of 7.1 years (range, 0.7 to 9.3 years) to assess fractures.
Results: Mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations were lower in case-patients than in control participants (55.95 nmol/L [SD, 20.28] vs. 59.60 nmol/L [SD, 18.05]; P = 0.007), and lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations increased hip fracture risk (adjusted odds ratio for each 25-nmol/L decrease, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.68]). Women with the lowest 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations (47.5 nmol/L) had a higher fracture risk than did those with the highest concentrations (70.7 nmol/L) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.71 [CI, 1.05 to 2.79]), and the risk increased statistically significantly across quartiles of serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration (P for trend = 0.016). This association was independent of number of falls, physical function, frailty, renal function, and sex-steroid hormone levels and seemed to be partially mediated by bone resorption.
Limitations: Few case-patients were nonwhite women. Bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone levels were not accounted for in the analysis.
Conclusion: Low serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations are associated with a higher risk for hip fracture

Radiação UV e diabetes tipo 1

S. B. Mohr1, C. F. Garland1 , E. D. Gorham1 and F. C. Garland1
(1) Diabetologia - Clinical and Experimental Diabetes and Metabolism, 06/23/08
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis This study is an analysis of the relationship between ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, the primary source of circulating vitamin D in humans, and age-standardised incidence rates of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, according to region of the world.
Methods The association of UVB irradiance adjusted for cloud cover to incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in children aged <14 years during 1990–1994 in 51 regions worldwide was assessed using multiple regression. Incidence data were obtained from the Diabetes Mondial Project Group.
Results Incidence rates were generally higher at higher latitudes (R 2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). According to multiple regression, UVB irradiance adjusted for cloud cover was inversely associated with incidence rates (p < 0.05), while per capita health expenditure (p < 0.004) was positively associated (overall R 2 = 0.42, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions/interpretation An association was found between low UVB irradiance and high incidence rates of type 1 childhood diabetes after controlling for per capita health expenditure. Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes approached zero in regions worldwide with high UVB irradiance, adding new support to the concept of a role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of the disease.
Keywords Epidemiology - Type 1 diabetes - Ultraviolet rays - Vitamin D

Vitamina D e Mortalidade: NHANES III

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Risk of Mortality in the General Population
Michal L. Melamed, MD, MHS; Erin D. Michos, MD, MHS; Wendy Post, MD, MS; Brad Astor, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1629-1637.
Background In patients undergoing dialysis, therapy with calcitriol or paricalcitol or other vitamin D agents is associated with reduced mortality. Observational data suggests that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25[OH]D) are associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cancers. However, whether low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with mortality in the general population is unknown.
Methods We tested the association of low 25(OH)D levels with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 13 331 nationally representative adults 20 years or older from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) linked mortality files. Participant vitamin D levels were collected from 1988 through 1994, and individuals were passively followed for mortality through 2000.
Results In cross-sectional multivariate analyses, increasing age, female sex, nonwhite race/ethnicity, diabetes, current smoking, and higher body mass index were all independently associated with higher odds of 25(OH)D deficiency (lowest quartile of 25(OH)D level, <17.8>